GRAD NIS - CITY OF NISH

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MODEL - MARIJANA - AGENCIJA 027

Niš je grad u južnoj Srbiji, smešten na reci Nišavi. Sa 250,518 stanovnika (popis 2002.) drugi je po veličini grad u Srbiji. Niš zauzima površinu od oko 597m².

Kroz svoju dugu istoriju Niš se nalazio u sastavu mnogih carstava i država, igrajući ulogu administrativnog, vojnog i trgovinskog centra i važne saobraćajne veze na rimskom putu Via militaris, kasnije zvanim Carski drum, koji je spajao Evropu i Malu Aziju. Sam položaj Niša učinio ga je strateški važnim i time primamljivim gradom za mnoge osvajače. Niš se nalazio pod vlašću Dardanaca, Tračana, Ilira, Kelta, Grka, Rimljana, Huna, Avara, Srba i drugih, zatim Bugarskog, Ugarskog, Vizantijskog, Otomanskog carstva. Godine 1878. ulazi ponovo u sastav Srbije, bivajući još pod nemačkom okupacijom u toku Prvog i Drugog svetskog rata. Uticaj različitih naroda koji su vladali Nišom primećuje se u kulturnom nasleđu grada, pre svega u njegovoj arhitektonskoj raznovrsnosti.

Niš danas administrativni centar Nišavskog okruga, važan privredni, univerzitetski, kulturni i politički centar Srbije.

Geografija i klima
Niš se nalazi na 43°19' latitudi severno i 21°54' longitudi istočno u dolini reke Nišave. Smešten je na 194m nadmorske visine (centralni gradski trg). Najviši vrh je Sokolov kamen na Suvoj planini (1523m), a najniza tačka je Trupale (173m). Površina grada je 596.71 kvadratnih kilometara.

Klima Niša je umereno-kontinentalna, sa prosečnom godišnjom temperaturom od 11.2°C. Juli je najtopliji mesec u godini sa prosekom od 21.2°C. Najhladniji mesec je januar, u proseku 0.2°C. Prosek godišnje količine padavina je 567.25 mm/m². Vazdušni pritisak je u proseku is 992.74 mb. Prosečna jačina vetra je nešto manja od 3 bofora

Demografija
U Nišu danas živi preko 90% srpskog stanovništva a druga po veličini etnička zajednica su Romi kojih ima preko 5%. Ostali deo čine etničke zajednice koje ne prelaze 1%.

Praistorija i Stari vek
Na osnovu arheoloških iskopavanja može se zaključiti da je teriotorija na kojoj se danas nalazi grad Niš bila nasljena ljudskim zajednicama još od perioda srednjeg paleolita (100.000-30.000 god. p.n.e.). Ostaci iz paleolita, nađeni na lokalitetu Kremenac, čuvaju se u arheološkoj zbirci Narodnog muzeja u Nišu. Iz perioda bronzanog doba pronađeni se grobnice u Medoševcu i veliko naselje, koje se nalazi pored antičkog nalazišta Medijana.

Prema najčešće navođenoj tezi o etimološkom poreklu imena grada, Niš su imenovali Kelti sa značenjem Vilin grad.

Naissos je bio grčka kolonija. Niš jedno od mogućih mesta na kojima se nalazila grčka mitološka Nisa, naseljena nimfama, gde je Dionis odrastao i po kojoj je dobio ime.

U vreme Rimskog carstva grad ima ime Naissus, što je romanizovani naziv grčkog imena Naissos.

Rimljani osvajaju Niš u toku Dardanijskih ratova u I veku pre nove ere i grad se razvija kao strateška raskrsnica, vojni i trgovinski centar u provinciji Gornjoj Meziji. U II veku nove ere Niš je bio već dovljno poznat grad da ga Ptolomej u svojoj Geografiji pominje kao jedan od četiri najveća grada Dardanije.

Septembra, 268. godine rimska vojska predvođena carom Galijenom, i dvojicom budućih careva: glavnim komandantom Markom Aurelijem Klaudijem i komandantom konjice Aurelijanom sukobila se sa Gotima kod Niša u najkrvavijem okršaju III veka, poznatom pod imenom Bitka kod Naisusa. Tom prilikom pobijeno je između 30.000 i 50.000 Gota. Bitka kod Naisusa obezbedila je postojanje Zapadnom carstvu još dva naredna veka.

U Nišu je 27. februara, 272., rođen sin vojnog komandanta Konstantin Hlorusa i krčmareve kćerke Flavije Julije Helene, budući car Konstantin Veliki. U rodnom gradu car [Konstantin I] sagradio je carsku vilu [Medijana], koja je danas važno arheološko nalazište. Mozaički podovi i drugi ostaci carskog luksuza čuvaju su u muzeju na Medijani. Aristokratske vile su smeštene u okolini carske palate.

Godine 284., kada je car Dioklecijan odvojio Dardaniju od Gornje Mezije i učionio je zasebnom oblašću, grad Niš je postao glavni grad ove rimske provincije.

U toku IV veka osniva se eparhija u Nišu, čime Niš postaje i jedan od važnih religijskih centara. Bazilika iz IV veka u Nišu je jedna od najstarijih hrišćanskih spomenika u svetu.

Odličan strateški položaj i bogatstvo Niša učinili su ga čestom metom napada mnogih naroda. Iako je car Julijan Apostata ojačao zidove oko Niša kako bi ga učinio neosvojivim, Niš je često osvajan, spaljivan i razara. Najpre ga osvaja Atila uz silovit napad. Tom prilikom Huni su masakrirali stanovništvo grada. Godinama kasnije su obale reke bile još uvek pokrivene ljudskim kostima, kao ostacima hunskog razaranja. Još 448. Piskus opisuje Niš kao grad koji deluje napušteno, sa par bolesnih osoba koje leže po crkvama i obalama reke punim ljudskih kostiju. Delimično obnovljen grad ponovo ruše Varvari 480. godine.

Srednji vek
Kasnije je vizantijski car [[Justinijan I] (527-565) pokušao da obnovi Niš, ali grad nikada nije povratio svoj urbani sjaj iz IV veka.

Tokom prve polovine VI veka nove ere grad napadaju Avri i Sloveni. Sloveni su pokušala da osvoje Niš osam puta, da bi ga konačno osvojili 615. godine.

Bugarski car Simeon (Bugarski car) osvaja Niš krajem IX veka, ali Vizantija vraća Niš pod svoju vlast u XI veku. Car Manojlo I utvrđuje grad i u njemu se sastaje dva puta sa Stefanom Nemanjom, međutim za vreme vladavine Andronika I osvaja ga ugarski kralj Bela III, da bi ga već 1185. osvojio srpski vladar Stefan Nemanja. Dok je bio u srpskim rukama, Stefan Nemanja je koristio Niš kao svoju bazu za vojne akcije. Stefan Nemanja je 27. jula 1189. godine u Nišu primio cara Svetog rimskog carstva Fridriha I Barbarosu, sa 100.000 njegovih krstaša, predlažući mu zajednički napad na Vizantiju. Međutim, grad 1196. pobovo pada u Vizantijske ruke, a Srbi ga osvajaju tek 1241. godine, i vladaće njime sve do 1375. godine kada Niš dolazi po prvi put u sastav Otomanskog carstva.

Godine 1443. Niš se ponovo našao u rukama Srba, a Branković ga je predao Mrnjavčevićima. Hrišćanske vojske predvođene ugarskim vojskovođom Janoš Hunjadijem (poznatim kao Sibinjanin Janko u srpskoj narodnoj poeziji) zajedno sa srpskom despotom Đurađ Brankovićem pobedili su Turke i potukli ih do Sofije. Važna bitka odigrala se kod Niša, koji je ostao slobodan grad još skoro godinu dana posle toga.

Moderno i savremeno doba

Niš je ponovo pao pod tursku vlast 1448. godine i ostao u Osmanlijskom carstvu narednih 245 godina. U ovom periodu Niš je bio jedno od sedišta turske vojne i civilne vlasti. Tvrđava (u Nišu), koja je tada sagrađena, i dalje predstvalja jednu od najlepših i najbolje sačuvanih građevina takve vrste na Balkanu. Staro utvrđenje je sagrađeno u prvim dekadama XVIII veka (1719-1723). Podignuto je na mestu starijih tvrđava (utvrđenje) iz rimskog, vizantijskih i srednjovekovnog perioda. Tvrđava (u Nišu) ima višeugaonu osnovu, osam terasa i četiri masivnih kapija. Prostire se na površini od 22 hektara i opasana je zidinama dugim 2.100m, 8m visokim i 3m debelim u proseku. Sa spoljne strane Tvrđava (u Nišu) je bila opasana širokim šančevima, od kojih je severni i danas sačuvan. Pored masivnih zidina, dobro očuvane su i južna Stambol-kapija i severna Beogradska kapija, dok su severna Vidin-kapija i jugo-istočna Jagodin-kapija tek delimično očuvane.

Godine 1737. Niš je okupiran od austro-ugarske vojske. Turci su predali grad bez borbe, ali su se iste godine, takođe bez borbe, vratili u Niš.

U toku Prvog srpskog ustanka ustanička vojska se našla pred Nišom tek 1809. godine, krećući se ka Kosovu. Karađorđe je predlagao da se na Niš krene celokupnom vojskom, ali su ostali vojskovođe tražili da se Niš napadne sa četiri fronta, kako je na kraju i bilo urađeno. Ukupno 16000 srpskih ustanika je stiglo do Niša 27. aprila, 1809. predvođeni Milojem Petrovićem. Izgradili su šest šanceva: prvi i najveći bio je na Čegru pod komenadom vojvode Stevana Sinđelića. Drugi je bio u Gornjem Matejevcu, u bilizini [[Latinska crkva (u Nišu]|Latinske crkve]], sa Petrom Dobrnjcem, treći je severoztapadno od Kamenice sa vojvodom Ilijom Barjaktarevićem, četvrti u Kamenici sa komandantom Milojem Petrovićem, peti je bio iznad Kamenice sa vojvodom Pauljom Matejićem i šestu u Donjem Matejevcu. Predlog Miloja Petrovića da se Niš odmah napadane nije bio prihvaćen, već se želelo da se grad drži u blokadi. Turska vojska je dobila pojačanje od 20.000 vojnika iz Jedrena, Soluna, Vranja i Leskovca. Turci su 31. maja 1809. godine napali Sinđelićev šanc na Čegru. Boj se vodio celog dana. Kako je nadmoć Turaka postajala očevidnija, a pomoć iz ostalih šančeva nije stizala, Stevan Sinđelić je pri naletu Turaka u šanac, pucao u magacin s municijom i razneo oko 3.000 Srba i daleko više Turaka.

Posle bitke na Čegru izgrađena je kula na putu za Carigrad krajem leta 1809. godine. Kula je izgrađena po nalogu Hursid-paše, tadašnjeg zapovednika Niša, od glava srpskih vojnika poginulih na Čegru, time jedinstvena u svetu. U Ćele-kulu su uzidane 952 lobanje srpskih vojnika kao opomena srpskom narodu. Nad kulom je 1892. podignuta kapela koja danas čuva 58 preostalih lobanja. Ćele-kula predstvalja jedunstven spomenik takve vrste u svetu.

Borbe za oslobođenje Niša počinju 29. decembar 1877. a knez Milan je ušao u Niš 11. januara 1878. godine. Na Berlinskom kongresu potvrđeno je da Niš ulazi u sastav Srbije. U to vreme u Nišu često zaseda skupština. Prvo zasedanje Narodne skupštine Srbije desilo se u zgradi osnovne škole iza Saborne crkve, 23. novembra, 1878. godine.

Pred početak Prvog svetskog rata, 1914. godine u Niš prelazi Vlada i Narodna skupština. Niš postaje ratna prestonica. Iste godine 7. decembra u Narodna skupština zaseda u Nišu i donosi tzv. 'Nišku deklaraciju' o ujedinjenju Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca.

Oktobra 1915. Niš okupiraju Bugari. Niš je oslobođen 12. oktobra, 1918. godine kada vojska Prve srpske armije na čelu sa vojvodom Petrom Bojovićem ulazi u Niš.

U Drugom svetskom ratu okupacija Niša traje od 1941. do 1944. Na početku okupacije u Nišu je otvoren prvi nacistički koncentracioni logor u Jugoslaviji, iz koga je oko 12.000 logoraša odvedeno i streljano na Bubnju. Godine 1942., 12. februara odigralo se masovno begstvo iz logora, događaj poznat pod nazivom proboj logora na Crvenom Krstu. Tom prilikom je oko 100 ljudi pobeglo. O ovom dogadjaju snimljen je film Lager Niš, 1987. godine, u režiji Miomira Stamenkovica. Godine 1944., 14. oktobra Niš je oslobođen od Nemaca.

U prvoj polovini devedesetih XX veka Niš važi za „crveni grad“, jako uporište SPS-a. Međutim, 1996. godine Niš je prvi grad u Srbiji koji je ustao protiv opresivnog režima Slobodana Miloševića. Koalicija Zajedno je pobedila na lokalnim izborima 1996. i prvi demokratski gradonačelnik bio je Zoran Živković, kasnije i premijer Srbije.

U toku bombardovanja 1999. godine Niš je bio česta meta napada, kada su uništena industrijska postrojenja, aerodrom i ubijeno 20 civila kasetnim bombama bačenim pored tvrđavske pijace. Od zaostalih kasetnih bombi nastradalo je više osoba i posle prestanka bombardovanja.

Arhitektura
U Nišu se može primetiti arhitektura koja pripada raznim istorijskim i umetničkim epohama. Od orijentalne arhitekture, koju su doneli Turci, preko balkanske i socijalrealističke do postmoderne.

Značajne zgrade
Glavna pošta
Gimnazija
Dom mladih
Palata pravde
Banovina
Kuća Stambolijskih
Pasterov zavod
Gimnazija
Učiteljski dom
Narodni muzej
Kuća za venčanja
Kalča
Gorča
Predsedništvo Skupštine grada

Parkovi
Čair
Bubanj (park u Nišu)
Park svetog Save
Tvrđava (u Nišu)

Privreda

Industrija
Niš je jedan od najbitnijih industrijskih centara Srbije, poznat po duvanskoj, elektonskoj, mašinskoj, tekstilnoj i prehrambenoj industriji. Neke od većih kompanija su:

Duvanska industrija – Niš – DIN
DIN je osnovana 1930. godine na sadasnjoj lokacij na Crvenom Krstu. Godine 1995. osnovan je istrazivacki institut, koji odabira i proizvodi duvan i dizajnira nove duvanske proizvode. Avgusta 2003. Philip Morris Corporation je kupila DIN u toku privatizacije. Phillip Morris je uložio ulupno 580 miliona Eura, sto je najveća investicija u Srbiji 2003. godine.

Građevinar je nastao 1961. godine pod imenom Grapon. Građevinar je izvodio velike građevinske radove u Nišu, Beogradu, Istočnoj Srbiji, Rusiji, Bugarskoj, Izraelu, Jordanu, Ujedinjem Arapskim Emiratima.
Elektronska Industrija – Niš EI – Nis je osnovana 1948. kao institut za proizvodnju radio uredjaja i rentgen aparata.
Vulkan (fabrika guma u Nišu) – industrija guma je otvorena 1937. godine. Proizvodi sirok spektar razlicitih gumenih proizvoda, kao i proizvode koji se koriste u ruarstvu i gradjevinskoj industriji.
Masinska industrija Niš – MIN je osnovana 1884. godine i proizvodi razlicite vrste opreme sa primenom u rudarstvu, zeleznici, matalurgiji, hemijskoj i gasnoj industriji.
Žitopek je osonovan 1947. godine i proizvodi hleba i pecivo.
Niška pivara proizvodi pivo i bezalkoholna pica. Pivaru je osnovao Jovan Apel 1884. godine.
Nitex proizvodi tkanine i odeću. Kompaniju je osnovao 1897. godine Mile Ristić sa sinovima.

Autobuski saobraćaj
Gradske autobuske linije pokriva Niš-ekspres i nekoliko privatnih autobusa. Međugradski saobraćaj u potpunosti pokriva Niš-ekspres.

Turizam

Izletišta
Niška Banja
Sićevačka klisura
Jelašnička klisura
Suva planina
Bojanine vode
Kamenički vis
Cerjanska pećina

Istorijski spomenici
Ćele kula
Tvrđava (u Nišu)
Medijana
Kazandžisko Sokače
Logor na Crvenom Krstu
Bubanj (park u Nišu)
Starohrišćanska bazilika sa martirijumom, u Jagodin-mali
Ranohrišćanska grobnica s freskama s kraja IV veka

Obrazovanje
Grad Niš ima ukupno 80 osnovnih, i 19 srednjih škola i 11 fakulteta.

Prva svetovna osnovna škola osnovana je 1830. godine na insistiranje niških trgovaca i zanatlija kod kneza Miloša da omogući nastavu na srpskom jeziku. Pre toga u Nišu su jedino popovi i kaluđeri obrazovali decu spremajući ih za sveštenićki poziv, a bogatiji građani su mogli da šalju svoju decu u grčke škole.

Godine 1830. knez Miloš u Niš šalje svog pisara Spiridona Jovanovića, koji organizuje svetovnu nastavu na srpskom jeziku, uprkos protivljenju sveštenika u Nišu. Kako se broj učenika povećavao, Spiridon Jovanović je odabrao svog najtalentovanijeg učenika Atanasija Tasu Petrovića i proizveo ga u učitelja, sa njegovih svega 17 godina. Zajedno sa „učitelj-Tasom“ u opismenjavanju radi i Anastasija – Nasta Dimitrijević, prva učiteljica prve mešovite škole u Nišu, osnovane već 1845., takođe pored Saborne crvke.

Ipak, zaoštravanjem odnosa između Turske i Kneževine Srbije otežava se položaj učitelja i učiteljica u Nišu. Obnavlaja se naredba da se u Niš ne mogu dovoditi učitelji i učiteljice iz Srbije. Godine 1861. u školskoj zgradi podmetnut je požar i zgrada izgara do temelja. Nova zgrada sazidana je 1863/4. godine na mestu stare i nazvana je „Muška narodna škola“.

Prva niška gimnazija osniva se nepunu godinu po oslobođenju Niša od Turaka, 27. septembra, 1878. godine, po ukazu kneza Milana Obrenovića. Gimnazija počinje sa radom 20. novembra 1878. godine, sa ukupno 48 učenika.

Učiteljska škola u Nišu se osniva 1882., a 1894. i viša devojačka škola. Prvi fakulteti u Nišu počinju da se otvaraju 1960. godine pri Beogradskom univerzitetu, a Univerzitet u Nišu se osniva 1965. godine, 15. juna. Univerzitet u Nišu danas ima 13 fakulteta, od kojih se dva nalaze van Niša.

Muzeji
Narodni muzej
Arheološka izložba Narodnog muzeja Niš
Muzej Medijana
Ćele-kula
Muzej zdravstvene zaštiete – Pasterov zavod
Muzej logor „Crveni Krst“
Spomen soba Branka Miljkovića
Spomen soba Stevana Sremca

Festivali i godišnje manifestacije
Horske svečanosti
Filmski susreti – Festival glumačkih ostvarenja domaćeg igranog filma
Nimus – Niške muzičke svečanosti – festival ozbiljne muzike
Nišvil – džez festival
Nisomnia – muzički festival
Sićevačka likovna kolonija
Sićevačka književna kolonija
Car Konstantin i Carica Jelena – gradska slava (3. jun)
Pantelejski vašar
Palilulsko veče

Lokalni mediji

Novine
Narodne Novine

Televizijske stanice
Kopernikus Cable Network
Banker TV
BelleAmie TV
TV Nais
Global
RTV Nišava(na romskom jeziku)
NTV
RTV ARTvizija [www.tvartvizija.co.yu]
Puls TV
Jumbo TV
TV 5 [4]

Radio-stanice
Radio ART 97,4 MHz www.artfm.info
Radio NEW FAIR PLAY UKT 88,3 MHz www.newfairplay.co.sr
Radio Baltazar 90,2 MHz www.baltazar.co.yu
Radio Santa Claus 89,0 MHz
Radio S 91,1 MHz www.radios.co.yu
Radio B92 104,7 MHz www.b92.net
Radio City 104,9 MHz www.cityradio.co.yu
Fast radio 102,7 MHz
Blue FM 103,1 MHz
Radio Niš 99,5 MHz
Radio Banker 98,3 MHz radio.bankerinter.net
Radio Petica 105,5 MHz www.rtv5.co.yu
Radio Nišava 104,0 MHz
Radio Belle Amie 95,6 MHz
Radio Belle Amie Folk Kanal 98,7 i 100,7 MHz

Nevladine organizacije

Astronomsko društvo „Alfa“
Centar za razvoj građanskog društva „Protecta“
Centar za razvoj informisanja i demokratije CeRID [5]
Centar za slobodne izbore i demokratiju CeSID
Differentia – omladinska nevladina organizacija
Društvena organizacija za kulturne i naučne aktivnosti „Jezgro“
Društvo Dante Aligijeri za promovisanje italijanskog jezika i kulture
Društvo za zaštitu i unapređenje mentalnog zdravlja dece i omladine – Otvoreni klub
Društvo za zaštitu životne sredine
EKOpolis
ELSA – Evropsko udruženje studenata prava – lokalna grupa Niš
Evanđeosko Udruženje Studenata - EUS
Evropski studentski forum – AEGEE-NIŠ
Gradska organizacija gluvih i nagluvih
Institut Istok-Zapad
JUNIR – Jugoslovensko udruženje za naučno istraživanje religije
Kolo srpskoh sestara
Lambda, Centar za promociju i unapređenje LGBT ljudskih prava i Queer kulture
Međunarodna asocijacija za urbanu ekologiju
Međuopštinska organizacija slepih i slabovidih
Odbor za ljudska prava
OGI – Odbor za građansku inicijativu
Rotari klub "Niš"
Rotari klub "Niš-Konstantin Veliki"
Savez civilnih invalida rata
SOS telefon za žene i decu žrtve nasilja
Studentska unija Filozofskog fakulteta
Udruženje „Stare Nišlije“
Udruženje distrofičara regiona Niš
Udruženje građana članova porodica i prijatelja mentalno obolelih osoba „Zvono“
Udruženje nezavisnih intelektualaca „Trag“
Udruženje paraplegičara nišavskog okruga

Administrativna podela
Grad Niš obuhvata pet opština:

Pantelej
Medijana
Crveni Krst
Palilula
Niška Banja

Gradsko prijateljstvo
Kassandra, Grčka (1996.)
Šparta, Grčka (1996.)
Glifada, Grčka (1996.)
Marussi, Grčka (1999.)
Alimos, Grčka (1999.)
Veliko Tarnovo, Bugarska (1996.)
Template:Country data SVK Košice, Slovačka (2001.)
Kursk, Rusija (1920.)
Template:Country data NOR Rognan, Norveška (1986.)
Bad Homburg, Nemačka (1999.)
Krakov, Poljska (2002.)

Ličnosti povezane sa Nišom
Branko Miljković (pesnik) – rođen u Nišu
Dragan Stojković – Piksi (fudbaler) – rođen u Nišu
Dušan – Duško Radović (pisac) – rođen u Nišu
Konstantin Veliki (car) – rođen u Nišu
Kornelije Kovač (kompozitor) – rođen u Nišu
Milutin - Mića Tatić (glumac) – rođen u Nišu
Mladen - Mlađa Nedeljkovic (glumac) – rođen u Nišu
Šaban Bajramović (pevač) – rođen u Nišu
Stevan Sremac (pisac) – živeo i radio u Nišu
Tanasije Uzunović (glumac) – rođen u Nišu
Želimir Žilnik (reditelj) – rođen u Nišu
Žika Milenković (glumac) – rođen u Nišu
Zoran Ćirić (pisac) – rođen u Nišu
Zoran Živković (premijer Srbije) – rođen u Nišu, gradonačelnik Niša
Stojan Andrić (dirigent i kompozitor) - rodjen u Nišu.
Zoran Andrić (Dirigent,Kompozitor,Direktor Konc.Agencije "And Art Music") - rodjen u Nišu

CITY OF NISH

Niš (Serbian: Ниш / Niš, IPA: [niːʃ], is a city in Serbia situated at 43.3° N 21.9° E, on the river Nišava. With 250,000 inhabitants it is the largest city of South Serbia and third-largest city in the country, after Belgrade and Novi Sad. The city covers an area of about 597 square kilometres, including the city of Niš itself, the Niška Banja spa and 68 suburbs. Niš Constantine the Great Airport (Аеродром Константин Велики) is its international airport with the destination code INI. Niš is the administrative center of the Nišava District of Serbia.

Situated at crossroads of Balkan and European highways, connecting Asia Minor to Europe, Niš is one of the oldest cities in the Balkans, and has from ancient times been considered a gateway between the East and the West. It is home to Serbia's oldest Christian church, dated back to the 4th century in the suburb of Mediana [1]. Niš is also notable as the birthplace of Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman Emperor and the founder of Constantinople [2].

Niš is a university center. There are about 30,000 university students at the University of Niš, which comprises 13 faculties. Niš is also one of the most important industrial centres in Serbia, a center of electronics industry (see Elektronska Industrija Niš), industry of mechanical engineering, textile industry and tobacco industry.

Geography and climate

The main squareNiš is situated at the 43°19' latitude north and 21°54' longitude east in the Nišava valley, near the spot where it joins the Južna Morava River. It is in Niš that the trunk road running from the north down the Morava River valley forks into two major lines: - the south one, leading to Thessalonica and Athens, - and the east one, leading towards Sofia and Istanbul, and further on, towards the Near East. The central city area is at 194m altitude above sea level (the Main City Square). The highest point in the city area is Sokolov kamen (Falcon's rock) on Suva Planina Mountain (1523m) while the lowest spot is at Trupale, near the mouth of the Nišava (173m). The city area covers 596.71 km².

The climate of the Niš area is moderate and continental, with an average temperature of 11.2°C. July is the warmest month of the year, with the average of 21.2°C. The coldest month is January, averaging at 0.2°C. The average of the annual rainfall is 567.25 mm/m². The average barometer value is 992.74 mb. There are 123 days with rain and 43 days with snow. On the average, the wind force is just below 3 Beaufort.

History

Early History
The city's early name under the Roman Empire remained Naissus, which is the Latin name derived from its original name Naissos ("city of the nymphs"), a Greek colony founded in antiquity.

The etymology of the original name Naissos ("city of the nymphs") was derived from a mythical creature of Greek mythology - Naiad (from the Greek νάειν, "to flow," and νἃμα, "running water") which was the nymph of freshwater streams rivers and lakes. At the time when Greek colony was founded, the local residents believed that the numerous surrounding ponds, bogs, and the moor on the left riverbank were inhibited by the nymphs. Niš is a possible location of Nysa, a mythical place in Greek mythology where the young god Dionysus was raised.

"When we arrived at Naissus we found the city deserted, as though it had been sacked; only a few sick persons lay in the churches. We halted at a short distance from the river, in an open space, for all the ground adjacent to the bank was full of the bones of men slain in war.'
Priscus on Naissus in 448 A.D.[3]
At the time of the conquest of the Greeks by Rome, Naissos was used as a base for operations. Naissus was first mentioned in Roman documents near the beginning of 2nd century CE, and was considered a place worthy of note in the Geography of Ptolemy of Alexandria. The Romans occupied the town in the period of the "Dardanian War" (75-73 BC), and the city developed as a strategic crossroads, garrison and market town in the province of Moesia Superior.

In AD 268, during the "Crisis of the third century" when the Empire almost collapsed, the greatest Gothic invasion seen to date came pouring into the Balkans. The Goths' seaborne allies, the Heruli, supplied a fleet, carrying vast armies down the coast of the Black Sea where they ravaged coastal territories in Thrace and Macedonia. Other huge forces crossed the Danube in Moesia. An invasion of Goths into the province of Pannonia was leading to disaster. The Emperor Gallienus halted the Goths' progress by defeating them in battle in April of 268, and then that September, he came upon the main Gothic force at Naissus and defeated them at the carnage called the Battle of Naissus, the bloodiest battle of the 3rd century, which left thirty to fifty thousand Goths dead on the field. The battle earned Gallienus' chief general Marcus Aurelius Claudius his surname "Gothicus", although the cavalry commander Aurelian was the real victor. The battle of Naissus ensured another two centuries for the Empire in the West.

Stone mallet found in the NišavaFour years later in 272, the son of military commander Constantius Chlorus and an innkeeper's daughter called Flavia Iulia Helena was born in Naissus and destined to rule as Emperor Constantine the Great. The remains of the 4th century Imperial villa at Mediana are an important archaeological site located close to Niš. Mosaic floors and other traces of luxury are preserved in the archaeological museum on the site. Other aristocratic suburban villas are clustered nearby. The 4th century Christian basilica in Niš is one of the oldest Christian monuments.

Though the emperor Julian strengthened the walls, the very prosperity of Naissus made it a target and it was destroyed by Attila in 443. Attila the Hun conquers Naissus with battering rams and rolling towers—military sophistication that was new in the Hun repertory. After the Huns captured the city of Naissus they massacred the inhabitants of the city. Years later river banks outside the city were still covered with human bones as a reminder of the devastation the Huns had inflicted. Afterwards Justinian I did his best to restore it, but Naissa never recovered its 4th century urbanity.

Middle Ages
The latter half of the 6th century CE saw the first major migrations of Slavs and Avars. During the 6th and 7th century CE, Slavic tribes made eight attempts to take Niš . During the final attack in 615 CE the invaders took the city, and most of the Roman population fled or perished, but some small traces survived in the local Vlach population. The city and nearby arable land were settled by Slavs.

In the 9th century the Bulgarians became masters of Naissus, followed by the Hungarians in the 11th century, during which the town's militia fought a successful battle against the People's Crusade on 3 July 1096. The Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus reconquered it once more in 1173, and towards the end of the 12th century the town was in the hands of the Serbian prince Stephen Nemanja, who received hospitably the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his crusaders.

In 1375 the Ottoman Turks captured Naissus for the first time from the Serbians. The fall of the Serbian state, conquered by Sultan Murad in 1385, decided the fate of Niš as well. After a 25-day long siege the city fell to the Turks. After the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the Constantinopol-Wien road grew deserted.

In 1443, Niš fell into the hands of Ludanjin. The town itself was given back to the Serbs, while Branković gave it over to Đorđe Mrnjavčević. In the so-called Long Campaign, Christian armies, led by the Hungarian military leader Janos Hunyadi (known as Sibinjanin Janko in Serbian folk poetry) together with Serbian Despot Đurađ Branković, defeated the Turks and repelled them to Sofia. An important battle was fought near Niš, which remained a free city for a whole year after that. It was during this battle that an Ottoman commander named Gjerg Kastrioti, aka Skenderbeg, deserted the Ottoman ranks with a strong following. Escaping to Albania, he mounted a semi-successful guerilla war against the Ottomans that lasted his remaining lifetime.

Early Modern and Modern periods
Niš succumbed to Turkish rule again in 1448 and remained thus for the following 245 years. In the period of Turkish rule, Niš was one of the seats of Turkish military and civil administration. Niš Fortress, built in that period, still represents one of the most beautiful and best preserved edifices in the Balkans.

The Niš FortressThe extant fortification is of Turkish origin, dating from the first decades of the 18th century (1719-1723). It is well-known as one of the most significant and best preserved monuments of this kind in the Mid-Balkans. The Fortress was erected on the site of earlier fortifications - the ancient Roman, Byzantine, and later yet Mediaeval forts. The Fortress has a polygonal ground plan, eight bastion terraces and four massive gates. It stretches over 22 ha of land. The rampart walls are 2,100 m long, 8 m high and 3 m thick on the average. The building stone, brought from the nearby quarries, was hewn into rather evenly-shaped blocks. The inside of the rampart wall was additionally fortified by a wooden construction, 'santrač', and an additional bulwark, 'trpanac'. On the outside, the Fortress was surrounded by a wide moat, whose northern part has been preserved to our days. Beside the massive stone rampart walls, the southern Stambol gate and the western Belgrade gate are pretty well preserved. Partly preserved are the water gates, while the northern Vidin gate and the south-east Jagodina gate are preserved only in remains. With a complete reconstruction of all the gates, Niš Fortress would once again become, architecturally and functionally, a closed fortification system. In 1737, Niš was seized by the Austrian army, in their campaign against the Turks. The war ended in 1739.

At the beginning of the 19th century the crucial thing for the renewal of the Serbian state was the liberation of Niš from the Turks. The Serbian leader Karađorđe, in his talks with the representatives of Russia, as well as in his talks with Napoleon and the Turks, pointed out that Niš had to belong to Serbia. The Serbian insurrection army headed towards Niš in order to take it and go ahead towards Old Serbia and Kosovo. Karađorđe's suggestion was to use the whole army to liberate Niš, while the rest of the commanders demanded to attack Niš from four different points. The latter was accepted. On April 27, 1809, the Serbian insurrection army with its 16,000 soldiers approached the villages of Kamenica, Gornji and Donji Matejevac, near the town of Niš with Miloje Petrović as Commander-in-chief. The Serbian soldiers made six trenches. The first and biggest was on Čegar Hill with voivoda Stevan Sinđelić at the head. The second one was in the village Gornji Matejevac (near the newly rebuilt Latin Church) with Petar Dobrnjac as the commander. The third trench was north-east to Kamenica, with voivoda Ilija Barjaktarević. The fourth trench was in Kamenica with Miloje Petrović as the chief commander. The fifth trench was in the mountain above Kamenica and under the control of voivoda Pauljo Matejić, while the sixth one was made in Donji Matejevac. Miloje Petrović's request to attack Niš directly was not accepted. The demand was to wait and to besiege the town.

Meanwhile the Turkish army was reinforced with 20,000 soldiers from Adrianople, Thessalonica, Vranje and Leskovac. The Turks attacked the trench of Petar Dobrnjac on 30 May. The following day, on May 31, 1809, the most prominent trench on Čegar Hill, under the command of Stevan Sinđelić, was attacked. The battle lasted all day. As Milovan Kukić witnessed, "the Turks attacked five times, and the Serbs managed to repulse them five times. Each time their losses were great. Some of the Turks attacked, and some of them went ahead, and thus when they attacked for the sixth time they filled the trenches with their dead so that the alive went over their dead bodies and they began to fight against the Serbs with their rifles, cutting and sticking in their enemies with their sabers and knives. The Serbian soldiers from other trenches cried out to help Stevan. But there was no help," as Milovan Kukić said, "either because they could not help without their cavalry, or because Miloje Petrović did not allow it.

When Stevan Sinđelić saw that the Turks had taken over the trench, he ran to the powder cave, took out his gun and fired at the powder magazine. The explosion was so strong that all the surrounding was shaken, and the whole trench caught in a cloud of dense smoke. Stevan Sinđelić, who up to that moment had reached everywhere, helping and encouraging everybody, went into the air." Three thousands Serbian soldiers and more than double of that on the Turkish side were killed on Čegar Hill. An important monument from early 19th century Serbian uprisings against Turkish reign is the Skull Tower (Ćele kula), a tower which incorporates human skulls (those of dead Serbian "rebels") in its construction, a monument likely unique in its design.

The city was incorporated in Serbia as a consequence of the Treaty of San Stefano. Following the rout of the Serbian army by the Austrians, Bulgarians and Germans in World War I, King Ferdinand of Bulgaria entertained the German Kaiser Wilhelm II at Niš in January 1916. The Kaiser was greeted by the following dubious mock-Roman salutation: Ave Imperator, Caesar et Rex. Victor et gloriosus es. Nissa antiqua omnis Orientis populi te salutant redemptorem, ferentem oppressis prosperitatem atque salutem, which translates as: "Hail Emperor, Caesar and King: You are victor and glorious. In ancient Niš all the peoples of the east salute you, bringer of prosperity to the oppressed."

During the time of German occupation in WWII, the first Nazi concentration camp in Yugoslavia was near Niš. In 1942 an armed revolt led to an escape. The escapees were guerrillas from Tito's movement who was captured by German forces during the Battle of Kozara. This escape is featured in Miomir Stamenković's film Lager Niš, 1987. In 1996, Niš was the first city in Serbia to stand against the government of Slobodan Milošević. A coalition of democratic opposition parties called Zajedno (Together) won the local elections in Niš in 1996. The first democratic mayor of City of Niš was Zoran Živković, who later became the Prime Minister of Serbia in 2003. On May 7, 1999 it was the site of the NATO Cluster bombing of Niš.

Historical Sites
Skull Tower - A tower made out of Serbian heads.
Niš Fortress - Turkish fortress in the city center.
Mediana - Archaeological site, Roman imperial villa.
Tinkers Alley - Example of original architecture from Ottoman period.
Crveni Krst concentration camp - Built by occupying German forces during WWII.
Bubanj - Monument to the fallen Yugoslav WWII fighters.

Demographics
According to the last census from 2002, the whole municipal area of the city of Niš (including both, urban and rural parts of municipality) had a population of 250,518, while population of urban Niš was 173,724. It should be noted that territory of urban part of Niš was redefined since 2002, after the formation of new urban municipalities, thus number of 173,724 might not correspond with the current urban area. According to World Gazetteer, the population of the urban part of the city of Niš was 173,861 in 2007. [4]. There is still much dispute about the true number of it's population, since there are several thousands of Kosovo refugees who officially don't live in the city, but live here with local family.

Ethnic Groups in the Municipal Area (2002 Census)
Ethnic group Population
Serbs 235,657
Roma 5,687
Montenegrins 846
Bulgarians 799
Macedonians 715
Yugoslavs 664
Croats 417
Others 5,733
TOTAL 250,518

Ethnic Groups in the Urban Area (2002 Census)
Ethnic group Population
Serbs 162,380
Roma 4,461
Montenegrins 747
Bulgarians 679
Macedonians 715
Yugoslavs 601
Croats 379
Others 3,872
TOTAL 173,724

Economy
The city of Niš is the administrative, industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center of the south-eastern part of Republic of Serbia. The position of Niš is strategically important, located at the intersection of European highway and railway networks connecting Europe with Asia. Niš is easily accessible, having an airport - Niš Constantine the Great Airport and being a point of intersection of numerous railroad and highway lines. It is in Niš that the trunk road running from the north down the Morava River valley forks into two major lines:

the south one, leading to Thessalonica and Athens, along the Vardar River valley,
and the east one, running along the Nisava and the Marica, leading towards Sofia and Istanbul, and further on, towards the Near East.
These roads have been widely known from ancient times, because they represented the beaten tracks along which peoples, goods and armies moved. Known as 'Via Militaris' in Roman and Byzantine periods, or 'Constantinople road' in Middle Ages, these roads still represent major European traffic arteries. Niš thus stands at a point of intersection of the roads connecting Asia Minor to Europe, and the Black Sea to the Mediterranean.

Industry
Niš is one of the most important industrial centres in Serbia, well-known for its tobacco industry, industry of electronics, construction industry, industry of mechanical engineering, textile industry, colour metal industry, food processing industry, industry of rubber goods.

Tobacco industry

Niš Tobacco Factory - was built and opened in 1930 at the present location at Crveni Krst. Its basic production is that of tobacco, cigarettes, filters, the elements of the tobacco machinery and equipment, adhesives etc. In 1995 a scientific - research institute was built. The Institute selects, produces and protects tobacco, and creates and designs new products. In August 2003, The Philip Morris Corporation purchased the Niš Tobacco Factory (DIN) through the privatization process. Phillip Morris' total investment of EUR 580 million makes it the single largest foreign investor in Serbia of the Year 2003.
Construction industry

Gradjevinar, stock company - originated from the construction firm of Niš County called Grapon in 1961. Gradjevinar has built large structural complexes as shopping centres, department buildings, entire campuses, sections of cities which can be found in Niš, Belgrade, East Serbia, Russia, Bulgaria, Israel, Jordan, United Arabic Emirates. The company has built:
more than 30,000 apartments, of approximately 180,000 square meters,
clinics, health facilities and hospitals, of approximately 80,000 square metres,
department stores, malls of approximately 50,000 square metres,
hotels, tourist sites, banks, schools, theatres, sports facilities of approximately 50,000 square metres,
various warehouses, factories, farms and cold storage buildings of approximately 150,000 square metres.
Electronics Industry

Electronics Industry - Holding Corporation, stock corporation - originated from the foundation of the Institute for the Production of Radio Sets and Roentgen Machines, "RR Niš", in 1948. The basic production encompasses acoustic equipment, electronic tubes, specific installations, printed plates, electronic machine elements, hydraulics, pneumatics, appliances, air-conditioners, medical equipment, roentgen machines.
Industry of rubber goods

Vulkan, stock company was built and opened in 1937. Its production is large in scope and it comprises various rubber-technical articles with numerous applications in mining and construction industry (transporters and cranes).
Colour metal industry

NISSAL - Stock corporation for aluminum produces tools, metal reproductive materials, metal, wooden and other material constructions, collects and treats for industrial refuse.
Machinery industry

The Pump Factory "Jastrebac" founded in 1910., produces more than 1,000 of different types and sizes of mechanical pumps.
MIN (Machinery Industry of Niš) Holding, stock corporation founded in 1884, produces various machines, various types of equipment: chemical, petrol-chemical, mining, metallurgic, railway-transport, diesel-locomotive, pump, hydro-thermo-nuclear, water and gas treatment. In 1993 MIN got transformed into a holding company of 37 joint-stock units, 24 of which deal with the basic production, 6 of which deal with services, and 7 with specialized business.
Textile Industry

Nitex - Niš Textile Industry produces fabrics, knitted material, continuous embroidery, clothes.. The company was founded 1897. by Niš capitalist Mita Ristić with his sons (Dušan and Dragoljub). In 2006. Nitex - Niš was acquired by the businessman of Montenegrin origin - Đorđije Nicović.
Food processing industry

Žitopek, stock company for the production and trade of bakery goods was established on March 3, 1947 when 14 bakers formally signed a contract by which they were supposed to join their workshops into "Žitopek".
The Brewery of Niš, stock company produces the beer and non-alcohol drinks. The brewery was founded 1884. by Jovan Apel.

Tourism

The skull tower
Skull Tower (Serbian: Ћеле Кула, Ćele Kula) - A monument to 19th century Serbian rebels. It is situated on Zoran Djindjić Boulevard, on the old Constantinople road leading to Sofia.
Čegar - The place where Battle on Cegar Hill had happened on May 19, 1809.
Concentration camp - One rare saved German Nazis prisoner camps in Europe. It is situated on 12.February Boulevard.
Bubanj - A place where 10 000 civilian hostages from Niš and south Serbia were being shot during World War II by German Nazis. Monument is in the shape of three clenched fists.
Memorial Chapel in the memory of NATO bombing victims - The chapel was built by City government of Niš (lead by DS/SPO, two democratic parties) while monument was built by the State government (lead by conservative SPS/SRS parties) in 1999. They are situated in Sumatovacka street near Nis Fortress.
Niš Fortress - The extant fortification of Turkish origin, dating from the first decades of the 18th century (1719-1723). It is situated in the city center.
The fortress-cafes - They are situated near Stambol gate (main gate of fortress).
Mediana - Archeological site from the late Roman period located on the road leading to Sofia near EI Nis.
Tinkers Alley - An old urban downtown in today Kopitareva Street, built in the first half of 18th century. It was a street full of tinkers but today it's full with cafes&restaurants.
Kalča, City passage and Gorča - Trade centers situated in Milana Obrenovica Street.
Niška Banja - It is a very popular spa in the summer season. It is located at 10 km from city center on the road leading to Sofia, in the bottom of Suva Planina Mountain.
Spa of Topilo

Architecture
Buildings in Niš are constantly being built. Niš is the second biggest city after Belgrade if you look at it in a high rise point of view. The Ambasador Hotel is one of the biggest buildings in Serbia but there are also other buildings like TV5.

Administrative Divisions

The municipalities of NišThe city of Niš consists of five municipalities:

Medijana
Palilula
Pantelej
Crveni Krst
Niška Banja
The first four municipalities are located in the urban area of Niš, while Niška Banja is a suburban municipality. Before 2002, the city of Niš had only two municipalities, one of them named "Niš" and another named "Niška Banja".

Municipalities of Niš include further neighborhoods:

Medijana Palilula Pantelej Crveni Krst &;nbsp; Niška Banja
Center Palilula Pantelej Crveni Krst Niška Banja
Marger Staro Groblje Jagodin Mala (partly) Beograd Mala nas. Nikola Tesla (broj 6)
Trg Kralja Aleksandra Crni Put Durlan Jagodin Mala (partly) Jelašnica
Kičevo Bubanj Komren (partly) Komren (mostly) Sićevo
Čair Ledena Stena Čalije Šljaka Ostrovica
Bulevar Nemanjica Delijski Vis Somborska Medosevac Prva Kutina
Bulevar Djindjica Apelovac Vrežina Radikina Bara
Medijana Kovanluk Prosek
Trošarina Tutunović Podrum Čukljenik
Duvanište Kalač Brdo Donja i gornja Studena
Brzi Brod

Famous or notable citizens
The people listed below were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with the city of Niš, and its surrounding metropolitan area. The people are listed by alphabetical order of the names.

Šaban Bajramović, singer and composer, of Roma origin, born 1936 in Niš. Over the years, his music has been constantly stolen, copied, and imitated by both famous and unknown musicians.
Constantine I, commonly known as Constantine the Great, a Roman Emperor, born 272/3 in Naissus. Constantine is best known for being the first Roman Emperor to embrace Christianity.
Dragiša Cvetković (1893-1969), prime minister of Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1939-1941.
Branko Miljković (1934-1961), an iconic Serbian poet, famous across Yugoslavia and eastern Europe for his influential writings.
Ivan Miljković, born 1979 in Niš, volleyball player.
Dragan Pantelić, football goalkeeper. He was playing in Niš 1971-1981. President of Radnički Niš.
Goran Paskaljević, a popular Serbian movie director. He was raised by his grandparents in Niš 1949-1963, after the divorce of his parents.
Dejan Petković, football player, started his playing career 1988-1991 at Radnički Niš. In 2004 and in 2005 he won the Brazilian Silver Ball as one of the best midfilders in the Brazilian National League.
Dušan Radović, journalist and writer, born 1922 in Niš.
Stevan Sinđelić, war leader (vojvoda), died 1809 in fighting for Niš against Ottoman Empire. His name became synonymous with courage among many Serbs.
Stevan Sremac (1855-1906), Serbian writer, came to Niš shortly after its liberation from Turks. Wrote about life in old Nis ("Ivkova slava", "Zona Zamfirova").
Dragan Stojković, football player, born 1965 in Niš. He made 84 career international appearances and scoring 15 times, in Euro 84, 1990 FIFA World Cup, 1998 FIFA World Cup and Euro 2000.
Zoran Živković, handball player and coach, born 1945 in Niš. He win a gold medals with Yugoslav national team, has a goalkeeper in the 1972 Summer Olympics and has a coach in the 1986 World Men's Handball Championship.
Zoran Ćirić, writer, born 1962 in Niš, received the prestigious NIN award in 2001 for his novel Hobo.
Zoran Živković, politician, a former Prime Minister of Serbia who replaced assassinated Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić, born 1960 in Niš.
Aleksandar Zlatkovic, notorious investment banker, now residing in Sydney, Australia.

Culture
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
Please improve this article if you can (September 2007).

Museums and monuments
Town Museum - Opening hours: 9am - 4pm
Archeological Exhibition of the Town Museum - Opening hours: 9am - 4pm
Mediana Museum - Opening hours: 9am - 4pm
Skull Tower - 9am - 4pm (1 November- 31 March), 7:30am - 7:30pm (1 April- 31 October), closed Mondays
Cegar Hill
Museum of Public Health Pasteur Institute - Opening hours: 7am - 2pm
Crveni Krst concentration camp - Opening hours: 9am - 4pm
Memorial Room of Branko Miljković - Opening hours: 9am - 4pm
Memorial Room of Stevan Sremac - Opening hours: 9am - 4pm

Rock Music
Galija and Kerber are considered the most notable rock bands to have originated from Niš. Other notable Niš rock acts include Lutajuća Srca, Mama Rock, Hazari, Novembar and others.

Sport
The city of Niš is home to numerous sport clubs including the following:

"Prvi srpski piloti" Aero-Club
"Železničar" Athletics Club
"Čair" Automobile And Motor-Racing Club
"Železničar" Cycling Club
"Radnički" Boxing Club
Niš Bridge Club
"Niš" Gymnastiscs Club
"Student" University Go Club
City Recreation Association
"Niš" Weight-Lifting Club
"Zoran Radosavljević" Sailing Club
"Gusar" Kayak-Canoe Club
"Khi" Karate Club
"Omladinac" Karate Club
"Samuraj" Karate Club
"Čegar" Horse Riding Club
"Alfa" Youth Basketball Club
"Gimnazijalac" Ladies' Youth Basketball Club
Basketball League Of Serbia Region 7 - Niš
"Student" Ladies' University Basketball Club
"Student" University Basketball Club
"Niš-Put" Bowling Club
"Gromig - Puršok" Small-Grounds Football Club
"Ekonomist" Small-Grounds Football Club
"Koska" Small-Grounds Football Club
"Naisus" Small-Grounds Football Club
"Palilula" Small-Grounds Football Club
"Niš" Volleyball Club
"Radnički" Volleyball Club
"Student" Ladies' Volleyball Club
"Albatros" Paragliding Club
"Grunf" Paragliding Club
"Niš" Mountaineers' Association
"Železničar" Mountaineers' Association
"Step" Dancing Club
"Niš" Swimming And Water-Polo Club
"Naisa" Handball Club
"Železničar" Handball Club
"Niš" Youth Handball Club
"Niš" Safari Club
"Niš" Skiing Club
Niš Sports Association Of The Disabled
Sports Association "Niški maraton"
"Niš" Table Tennis Club
"Niš" Archery Club - External link
"Niš 1881" Shooting Club
"Gimnazijalac" Tennis Club
"Kostić" Tennis Club
"Radnički" Tennis Club
"Niš" Triathlon Club
Fishing Sports Association
"Železničar" Football Club
"Mašinac" Ladies' Football Club
"Niš" Youth Football Club
"Palilulac" Football Club
Radnički Football Club
"Železničar" Judo Club
"Kinezis" Judo Club
"Niš" Judo Club
"Niš" Chess Club
"Swing" Dance club

Local Media

Radio stations
Banker radio [5](98.3)
Fast radio (102.7)
City radio (104.9)
Blue Fm (103.1)
Radio Niš (99.5/101.9)
Radio 5 [8](105.5)
Radio Nišava [9](104.0)
OxyGen radio (91.6)
Radio 13 (90.5)
Radio New Fair Play (88.3)
Radio IPP (88.8)
Radio Belle Amie (95.6)
Radio Belle Amie Folk Kanal (98.7/100.7)
Radio Cair (99.9)

TV stations
Banker TV
TV 5
BelleAmie TV
TV Nais
Global
RTV Nišava [14](in Romany)
Čair (in Romany)
NTV
Art TV
Puls TV
Jumbo TV
Kopernikus

NGOs
Protecta
AEGEE-Nis
Differentia
EESTEC LC Niš
EUS
GNU Klub
Lambda
The Association for Protection and Promotion of Mental Health in Children and Youth [23]

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