PRIJEDOR

Prijedor je grad i središte općine u zapadnom dijelu Bosne i Hercegovine, na obali rijeke Sane, te brežuljcima kojima se planina Kozara spušta u Prijedorsko polje. Područje općine zauzima 834 km2, a sam grad se nalazi na nadmorskoj visini od 135m.

Historija
Prvi put u historijskim dokumentima Prijedor se, istina kao zemljana utvrda, pominje u pismima grofa Adama Bacanija za vrijeme Bečkog rata, od 1683. do 1699.godine. Međutim, mnogo toga ukazuje na tragove života još iz vremena prahistorije, kao i dolaska Rimljana na ove prostore.

Grad je nikao na malom ostrvu rječice Berek, koja prolazi i danas kroz prijedorski Stari Grad. Nakon Bečkih ratova 1683-1699. na mjestu današnjeg Prijedora je bilo 50 drvenih kućica i mjesto je bilo mnogo manje od susjednog Kozarca, udaljenog 12 km na putu prema Banja Luci. Godine 1717. počinje reorganizacija Prijedora, a 1739. je utemeljen kao jedan od mladjih gradova u Bosni. Tada počinje i njegov uspon, jer nakon gubitka Slavonije i Like za vrijeme Bečkih ratova 1683-1699. počinje i njegov ekonomski razvoj. Prijedor je također krenuo u intenzivniji razvoj nakon otvaranja željezničke pruge Bosanski Novi - Banja Luka.

Stanovništvo
Glavni članci: Demografija Prijedora i Spisak naseljenih mjesta u Prijedoru

Po posljednjem službenom popisu stanovništva iz 1991. godine, općina Prijedor imala je 112.543 stanovnika, raspoređenih u 71 naselju. Poslije potpisivanja Daytonskog sporazuma općina Prijedor, u cjelini, ušla je u sastav Republike Srpske.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva - općina Prijedor, popis 1991. [uredi]
ukupno: 112.543

Bošnjaci - 49.351 (43,85%)
Srbi - 47.581 (42,27%)
Hrvati - 6.316 (5,61%)
Jugoslaveni - 6.459 (5,73%)
ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 2.836 (2,54%)

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva - Grad Prijedor, popis 1991. [uredi]
ukupno: 34.635

Srbi - 13.927 (40,21%)
Bošnjaci - 13.388 (38,65%)
Hrvati - 1.757 (5,07%)
Jugoslaveni - 4.282 (12,36%)
ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 1.281 (3,71%)

Prijedor za vrijeme agresije na BiH
Sa okupacijom grada od strane vlasti Republike Srpske, Prijedor je nakon Srebrenice i Sarajeva mjesto najvećeg masovnog zločina nad civilnim stanovništvom u Bosni i Hercegovini za vrijeme rata od 1992. do 1995. godine. U prijedorskoj općini do sada je otkriveno oko 50 masovnih grobnica prijedorskih Bošnjaka i Hrvata, u kojima je do sada pronađeno oko 2000 tijela, od kojih je oko 500 identifikovano. Gotovo čitavo nesrpsko stanovništvo grada je prognano, a mnogi su završili u obližnjim logorima Omarska, Keraterm i Trnopolje. Prema podacima Komisije za nestala lica procjenjuje se da je oko 4.100 Bošnjaka i Hrvata ubijeno na prostorima u i oko Prijedora. Najviše Hrvata je pobijeno u Ljubijskog regiji, samo u selu Brisevu preko 70 hrvatskih civila je ubijeno u julu 1992. godine u akciji tzv. "Sanske brigade", jedinica armije RS-a.

Razno
O Prijedoru su opjevane još mnogobrojne pjesme i sevdalinke.

Čaršijska

Čudan san sam sanjao,
svome gradu hodio,
ulice mu ljubio,
hajrom kući stigao.

Sanom lice umio,
u starom gradu sevdisao,
kod Rame kafu popio,
Asafom se izljubio.

A jednom kad me probude,
iz ovog sna i zablude,
u sjećanju nek ostane
čaršija koja ne umire.

Na pragu sin me dočeka,
babo bujrum i merhaba,
dugo te nisam vidio,
nešto si mi posijedio.

Ništa mu nisam rekao,
samo sam ga zagrlio,
suzom ga poljubio,
jesi li me zaboravio.

A jednom kad me probude,
iz ovog sna i zablude,
u sjećanju nek ostane
Prijedor koji ne umire.

PRIJEDOR

Prijedor (Serbian Cyrillic: Приједор) is a town and municipality in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the Republika Srpska entity. Prijedor is second largest town in Republika Srpska after Banja Luka.

Geography
Prijedor municipality sits in north-western part of Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the banks of the Sana river and Gomjenica and on hills of Kozara mountain. The area of the municipality is 833 km² (322 sq mi). The town lies on 44°N and 16°W from Greenwhich, at altitude of 135 m. 2 km (1 mi) outside the town, to the northeast, the terrain ascends in waves and by degrees becomes a mountain range of Kozara, famous from the peoples' mutinies in the previous centuries and battle against fascism in the World War II. The level country in Prijedor lays is alluvial terrain created by the Sana river and its tributaries on the south western hillsides of the Kozara mountain. The structure of this level country depends upon the geologic composition of the ground through which run brooks and tributaries of the Sana river.

The town was developed on Svinjarica island separated from the Sana river and Berek. There are remains of the Roman and Illyrian civilizations in these regions.

Location
Bosanska Kostajnica (60 km),
Zagreb (173 km),
Vienna (547 km) Bos./Koz. Dubica (33 km) Gradiška (90 km),
Budapest (474 km)
Novi Grad (32 km) Kozarac (13 km),
Omarska (20 km),
Beograd (336 km)
Ljubija (8 km),
Trieste (412 km) Sanski Most (33 km) Banja Luka (48 km),
Sarajevo (250 km)

History

One building in Prijedor, facing bazaar, PećaniPrijedor has been first mentioned in historical documents as a ground fortress, in letters of Count Adam Batschani during the so-called Viennese war from 1683 till 1699. However, many things refer to the town's existence since ancient times and the ancient Roman presence in this region. In Ljubija were found many monuments from the Roman age as evidence of the iron production. In Zecovi there is Illyrian necropolis from the Iron Age. A legend says that the river Sana had been named by the Romans. In the iron mine, used for production of weapons for the Roman legions, from Prijedor iron mine placers was melted in large smeltings—works of Salonica, Siscia and Sirmium.

Soon Prijedor has become a significant trade handcraft centre, thanks to the Roman roads, navigability of the Sana river and the first railway in Bosnia and Herzegovina which was built in 1873 during the time of Baron Hirsch. A century after, the town had burnt in a great fire which is why the Austro-Hungarian authorities had made the first urban plan in 1901.

Among important monuments there is a great monument on Mrakovica, the work of academic artist Dušan Džamonja, another evidence of traditional freedom-loving of the people in this region.

During the Bosnian war, the area near Prijedor housed the infamous Omarska camp, Keraterm camp, and Trnopolje camp established by Serb authorities for Bosniak and Croat population. Prijedor was also a place of mass rapes and executions of Muslim Bosniaks, Catholic Bosnian Croats and non-cooperative Orthodox Bosnian Serbs by the Bosnian Serb army.[1] Bosnian Serb high-rank politician from Prijedor, Milomir Stakić, was found guilty by ICTY and got 40 years for war crimes conducted by Serb authorities in Prijedor.[2]

Demographics

[edit] 1910
According to the data from the 1910 Austro-Hungarian population census the Prijedor district had a 59.08% Orthodox Serb majority.

1971-1981-1991
According to data from the census, the municipality of Prijedor had:

Year total Serbs Bosnian Muslims Croats Yugoslavs others
~1971~ 97.921 46.487 (47,47%) 39.190 (40,02%) 8.845 (9,03%) 1.458 (1,48%) 1.941 (2,00%)
~1981~ 108.868 45.279 (41,59%) 42.129 (38,69%) 7.297 (6,70%) 10.556 (9,69%) 3.607 (3,33%)
~1991~ 112.543 47.581 (42,27%) 49.351 (43,85%) 6.316 (5,61%) 6.459 (5,73%) 2.836 (2,54%)

The town of Prijedor itself in 1991 had a population of 34,635, including:

13,927 (40,21%) Serbs
13,388 (38,65%) Muslims by nationality
4,282 (12,36%) Yugoslavs
1,757 (5,07%) Croats
1,281 (3,69%) others and unknown
Note: Muslims by nationality are today mostly called Bosniaks.

Current population
In 2006, the majority of inhabitants of municipality were Orthodox Serbs. According to the latest data, there are over 94,096 inhabitants of which 48% belong to the urban population while 52% to the rural population.

The population of non-Serbs has declined significantly since 1991, while the number of Serbs increased dramatically. This was caused by the ethnic cleansing of mostly Bosniaks and Croats by Bosnian Serb authorities, and by a huge influx of Serb refugees from other cleansed areas under Muslim and Croat control.[citation needed]

Education
The first forms of organized education can be tracked back in the first half of the 19th century. In 1834 Prijedor had the "Serbian elementary school" that later with so-called "Communal school" was transformed into "State school" in 1919.[citation needed]

Nowadays, there are 11 elementary schools with circa 8,000 students and 6 high schools attended by 4,000 students. A music school and a special school for mentally retarded persons are also part of the municipal educational system. Over the last several years, important steps were taken, aimed at establishing colleges. As a result, Prijedor now has a medical college, a business college, and a Mining Geology branch department of the University of Banja Luka.

Sport
The local football club, FK Rudar Prijedor, plays in the First League of the Republika Srpska.

 

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